BMW 3: Electrical Heating
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G20 PHEV, heater circuit
Electric coolant pump
Connection to the coolant circuit
Heat exchanger for heating system
Electrical heating
Electrical changeover valve
Connections at the elect
If the driver adjusts a desired temperature at the IHKA controls, the IHKA
calculates a corresponding
nominal temperature and compares it to the actual output temperature of the
electrical heating.
When the coolant temperature is low, for example after driving off, or in
all-electric driving, the electric
changeover valve is activated by the Body Domain Controller (BDC). The
electrical changeo
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Detailed magnification of the IROX coating
IROX-coated bearing shell
Oil film
IROX coating
Bearing shell
Binding resin
Hard particle
Solid lubricant
The IROX coating is applied to a conventional bearing shell. It consists of a
binding resin matrix made
of polyamide-imide with embedded har
VANOS
VANOS unit B46 engine and B46TU/B48TU engines
VANOS B46 engine
VANOS B46TU and B48TU engine
Following the changeover from a two-part chain drive to a single-part chain
drive, the camshaft
sprockets on the VANOS now have 46 teeth instead of the previous 36 teeth. To
compensate for the
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